Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics

The Department imparts knowledge and interacts with students who are pursuing their IInd, IIIrd and IVth year as well as Interns of the Undergraduate course.

1. Introduction to Conservative Dentistry
2. Definition, Aim & Scope of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics
3. Nomenclature of Dentition, Tooth Numbering Systems
4. Restoration – Definitions & Objectives
5. Hand Instruments – Classification, Nomenclature, Design, Formula of hand cutting instruments, Grasps and Rests, Sterilization
6. Rotary Cutting Instruments – Burs, Design, Types. Various speeds in tooth preparation, Hazards with cutting instruments
7. Dental caries – Etiology, classification, caries terminology
8. Fundamentals in tooth preparation
9. Definition, Stages and steps, Classification of tooth preparations, Nomenclature, Concepts in tooth preparation for silver amalgam, Cast gold inlay, Composite resins and glass ionomer

• Tooth preparation for amalgam restorations, Stepwise procedure for Class I, II, III, IV, V amalgam restorations. Failure of amalgam restorations.
• Contact and contour of teeth – different methods of tooth separation
• Matrices, Retainers, Wedges – methods of wedging
• Finishing & polishing restorations
• Chair side positions – patient and operator positions
• Management of deep carious lesions – Technique of caries excavation with hand and rotary instruments. Affected and infected dentin, Caries detector dyes, Concept of remaining dentin thickness, Pulp capping and pulpotomy
• Access cavity and brief introduction of root canal instruments
• DENTAL MATERIAL TOPICS
• Amalgam
• Composites
• GIC
• DFG
• DBA
• Dental Cements
• Pulp Protective Agents

PRECLINICAL WORK

1. V. Black class I, II, III, IV, V and VI cavity preparations on typodont teeth followed by base application, amalgam restoration.
2. V. Black class I, II, V and VI cavity preparations on extracted tooth
3. Restoration of Ellis fractures on extracted teeth
4. Deep caries management on extracted tooth
5. Manipulation of Dental Cements

SYLLABUS – IIIBDS AND IVBDS

CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY

1. Nomenclature of dentition
2. Gnathological concepts of restoration
3. Dental caries
4. Treatment planning for restorative procedure
5. Preventive measures in restorative practice
6. Armamentarium for tooth preparation.
7. Isolation of operating field.
8. Infection control
9. Pulp protection
10. Pain control in restorative procedures.
11. Amalgam restorations
12. Contacts and contour
13. Management of deep carious lesions
14. Dentinal hypersensitivity
15. Complex amalgam restorations
16. Gingival tissue management
17. Adhesion to tooth structure
18. Anterior restorations
19. Composite restorations
20. Minimal invasive dentistry
21. Alternative methods of tooth preparation for restorations
22. Esthetics in Dentistry
23. Composite restorations
24. Cast restorations
25. Casting
26. Temporisation or interim restoration
27. Root caries
28. Non -carious destruction of tooth structure
29. Ceramic restorations
30. Direct filling gold restorations

 ENDODONTICS

1. Introduction, definition, scope, and future of endodontics.
2. Rationale and principles of endodontics
3. Clinical diagnostic methods
4. Microbiology of endodontic infection.
5. Isolation and infection control in endodontics
6. Endodontic instruments
7. Pulpal diseases
8. Periapical diseases
9. Vital pulp therapy
10. Emergency endodontic procedures
11. Anatomy of pulp space
12. Access preparation
13. Cleaning and shaping of root canal space
14. Disinfection of root canal space
15. Problems during cleaning and shaping of root canal spaces.
16. Obturation of root canal system
17. Root canal sealers
18. Post endodontic restorations
19. Smear layer and its importance in endodontics and conservative treatment
20. Discoloured teeth and its management
21. Traumatized teeth
22. Endodontic surgeries
23. Root resorption
24. Success and failure of endodontic treatments
25. Retreatment in endodontics

Clinical work

The candidate selected for the P.G. program shall be a whole-time student. Every candidate should take part in seminars, group discussions, case demonstrations, journal review meetings and clinical meetings. The candidate is required to participate in the teaching and training program of undergraduate students. Training should include involvement in clinical, laboratory and experimental work and research studies. Students should be posted to other allied relevant departments of the institution. The student shall attend symposia, conferences, case presentations, clinics and lectures during each year as prescribed by the department and not absent himself/herself from the work without valid reasons and permission. All the MDS candidates shall pursue the course for a period of 3 years as full-time students.

FIRST YEAR

I. Applied Anatomy

1. Development
   1. Face
   2. Para nasal sinuses and the associated structures and their anomalies.
   3. Cranial and facial bones.

2. Anatomy
   1. TMJ anatomy and function.
   2. Brief consideration of structures and functions of
   3. Muscles of face and neck including muscles of mastication, deglutition and speech and their functional anatomy.
   4. Arterial and venous drainage of head and neck.
   5. Brief consideration of cranial nerves (V, VII, IX and XI) and automatic nervous system of head and neck.
   6. Salivary glands – development, anatomy, functions and clinical considerations.

1. Applied Histology
   Skin, oral mucosa, bone cartilage, blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, muscles, tongue and its significance.

1. Anatomy and Development of Teeth:

1. Detailed anatomy of deciduous and permanent teeth, general consideration in physiology of permanent dentition, form, function, alignment, contact=t, occlusion and its significance.
2. Enamel – Development and composition, physical characteristics, chemical properties, structure.
3. Dentin – Development, physical and chemical properties, structure type of dentin, innervations, age and functional changes.
4. Pulp – Development, histological structures, innervations, functions regressive changes and clinical
5. Cementum – Composition, cementogenesis, structure, function and clinical consideration.
6. Periodontal ligament – Development, structure, function and clinical consideration.
7. Alveolar bone.
8. Age changes of teeth.
9. Eruption of teeth.

IV. Applied Physiology

1. Mastication, deglutition, digestion and assimilation, fluid and electrolyte balance.
2. Physiology of saliva – Composition, function, clinical significance.
3. Blood composition, volume, function, blood groups, hemostasis, coagulation, blood transfusion, circulation, heart, pulse, blood pressure, shock.
4. Restoration, control anoxia, hypoxia, asphyxia & artificial respiration.
5. Endocrinology – Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals including pregnancy and lactation.
6. Sympathetic and Para sympathetic nervous system: Physiology of pain, pain pathways, physiology of pulpal pain, Odontogenic and Non-odontogenic pain.
   1. Biochemistry:  Osmotic pressure, electrolytic dissociation, oxidation, reduction, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleoproteins, nucleic acid and their metabolism.  Enzymes, vitamins and minerals, metabolism of inorganic elements detoxification in the body, anti metabolites, chemistry of blood, lymph, urine and their clinical significance.

V. General Pathology

1. Inflammation, repair, degeneration, necrosis and gangrene.
2. Circulatory disturbances – Ischemia, hyperemia, edema, thrombosis, embolism, infarction.
3. Neoplasms – Classifications of tumors, characteristics of benign and malignant tumors and spread tumors.
4. Blood dyscrasias.

VI. Oral Pathology

1. Developmental disturbances of oral and para oral structures, dental caries, regressive changes of teeth, pulp, periapical pathology, pulp reaction to dental caries and dental procedures.
2. Bacterial, viral and mycotic infections of the oral cavity.

VII. General Microbiology

1. Cross infection, infection control, sterilization and disinfection.
2. Immunology – antigen antibody reaction, allergy, hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis, auto immunity, grafts, viral hepatitis, HIV infections and AIDS.

VIII. Oral Microbiology

1. Oral flora and microorganisms associated with endodontic diseases.  Pathogenesis, host defense, bacterial virulence factors and theory of focal infections.
2. Identification and isolation of microorganisms from infected root canals. Culture medium and culturing technique (Aerobic and anaerobic interpretation and antibiotic sensitivity test).

IX. Pharmacology

1. Pharmacokinetics of drugs, drug addiction and tolerance of hypersensitivity reactions.
2. Local anesthesia – Agents and chemistry, pharmacological actions, fate and metabolism of anesthetic, ideal properties, techniques and complications.
3. Immunosuppressant, sympathomimetic drugs, antibiotics and analgesics, antihistamines, corticosteroids, chemotherapeutic, haemostatic agents, anticoagulants, anti sialogogue, vitamins (A, B, C, D, E, K, Iron), minerals, antiseptics, disinfectants anti viral agents and drugs acting on CNS.
4. Drug resistance and interactions.

X. Biostatistics

1. Statistical principles, data collection, method of presentation, method of summarizing.
2. Methods of analysis – Sampling and sampling techniques, tests of significance.  Experimental models, design and interpretation.  Development of skills for preparing clear concise and cogent scientific abstracts and publication.

XI. Applied Research Methodology
Experimental design, animal experimental protocol, principles in the development, execution and interpretation of methodologies, critical scientific appraisal of literature.

XII. Applied Dental Materials

1. Physical, mechanical properties and biocompatibility of dental materials.
2. Tarnish and corrosion.
3. Detailed-study of various restorative materials and their recent advances:  Dental amalgam, direct filling gold, casting alloys, inlay wax, die materials investments, dental cements for restoration  and pulp protection (luting agents, liners, bases), cavity varnishes, restorative resins, bonding agents and impression materials.
4. Casting procedures and defects.
5. Dental ceramics and their recent advan
6. Finishing and polishing materials.
7. Dental burs – design and mechanics of cutting & other modalities for tooth preparation.

XIII. Conservative Dentistry

1. Examination, diagnosis and treatment plan.
2. Infection control procedures and isolation.
3. Occlusion as related to conservative dentistry, contact, contour and its significance.
4. Dental caries – diagnosis.
5. Hand and rotary cutting instruments, speed ranges and hazards.
6. Separation of teeth and matrices.
7. Tooth preparation and restorative techniques for amalgam, composite (direct and indirect) and glass ionomer cements.
8. Impression procedures.
9. Cast metal restorations, indications, contraindications, tooth preparation for inlay, onlay and full crown restorations.  Direct and indirect methods of fabrication, investment and casting procedures.
10. Indirect tooth colored restorations – ceramic, inlays, onlays, veneers and crowns.

XIV. Endodontics

1. Rationale of endodontics.
2. Knowledge of internal anatomy of permanent teeth, anatomy of root apex and its implications in endodontic
3. Dentin and pulp complex.
4. Pulp and periapical pathology.
5. Case selection and treatment planning.
6. Various aids used for diagnosis.
7. Infection control.
8. Local anesthesia in endodontics.
9. Access cavity preparation – objectives and principles.
10. Hand and rotary instruments and instrumentation.
11. Working length determination and cleaning and shaping of root canal system.
12. Root canal irrigants.
13. Obturation – materials and techniques.
14. Restoration of endodontically treated teeth.

SECOND YEAR

I. CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY

1. Dental caries – epidemiology, recent concept of etiological factors, pathophysiology, Histopathology, diagnosis, caries activity tests, prevention of dental caries and management – recent methods.
2. Development of rotary equipments – recent develop
3. Tissue management.
4. Direct gold restorations.
5. Recent advances in restorative materials and techniques.
6. Failures of restorations and their management.
7. Management of non-carious lesions.
8. Minimal intervention dentistry.
9. Recent advances in restoration of endodontically treated teeth and grossly mutilated teeth.
10. Hypersensitivity, theories, causes and management.

II. Endodontics

1. Diagnostic procedure – recent advances and various aids.
2. Endodontic instruments and instrumentation – detailed description and recent developments.
3. Recent developments in techniques of working length determination / cleaning and shaping of root canal system.
4. Root canal irrigants and intra canal medicaments.
5. Recent advances in obturation.
6. Endodontic micr
7. Traumatic injuries and management – endodontic treatment for young permanent teeth / Pediatric endodontics – treatment of immature apex.
8. Endodontic surgeries.
9. Drugs and chemicals used in endodontics.
10. Endodontic emergencies and management.
11. Biololgic response of pulp to various restorative materials and operative procedures.
12. Endodontic radiology –digital technology in endodontic practice.
13. Procedural errors in endodontic and their management.
14. Endodontic failures and retreatment.
15. Endo-perio interrelationship, endo-perio lesions and management.
16. Single visit endodontics, current concepts and controversies.

THIRD YEAR

1. Conservative Dentistry
   1. CAD-CAM & CAD-CIM in restorative dentistry.
   2. Dental imaging and its applications in restorative dentistry (Clinical photography)
   3. Principles of esthetics
2. Color
3. Facial analysis
4. Smile design
5. Principles of esthetic integration
6. Treatment planning in esthetic dentistry

II. Endodontics

1. Multidisciplinary approach to endodontic situations.
2. Restoration and its management.
3. Endodontic surgeries, recent developments in techniques and devices, endosseous endodontic implants.
4. Restoration of endodontically treated teeth & recent advances.
5. Geriatric endodontics.
6. Microscopes in endodoontics.
7. Lasers in Endodontics.

This is the minimum requirement. However a student needs to know all the   related aspects of the above mentioned topics from latest text books and latest journals.
PRE-CLINICAL EXERCISES

Plaster model exercises

Sectioning of Extracted human teeth
Vertical sectioning  and Horizontal sectioning of all permanent Maxillary and Mandibular teeth including 3rd molars.

Wax carvings
Total tooth Wax carvings should be done of 28 permanent teeth except 3rd molars.

Typodont Exercises

Extracted teeth exercises

Endodontic exercises on extracted teeth

Note: Technique work to be completed in the first four months

Manipulation of Restorative materials

• Amalgam
• Zinc Oxide Eugenol Cement
• Zinc Phosphate Cement
• Calcium Hydroxide Cement (Two Paste System)
• Glass Ionomers (Type-1 & Type-2)
• Varieties of composites
• Resin cements
• Alginate Impression
• Rubber Base Impression
• Investment Material
• Die stone

Clinical Quota as per the DCI guidelines